Yet, how could this
mushroom possess such broad-spectrum powers? How could a single
living entity, a mere tree mushroom, which grows preferentially
on birch trees, achieve so much, far more than the greatest
scientists have achieved?
Here is a natural substance which is
versatile and its uses were known long before the establishment of modern
research. By mere observation and experience its potency became
renowned.
This tremendous power can be understood by
reviewing its chemical nature. So, the proof is in the chemistry
and nutritional density. Thus, it is no surprise that
modern research confirms that the traditional powers of
chaga
mushroom and its extracts are very real.
The best way to understand the chaga mushroom, is to evaluate the
chemistry. Chaga is a top source of a wide range of nutrients.
Like other fungi it is also rich in enzymes. Yet, it is not the
nutrients or the typical digestive enzymes that make this
mushroom unique. Chaga contains a massive amount of the enzyme
superoxide dismutase (SOD), which is rarely found in an edible
substance. This enzyme acts to absorb noxious free radicals
before they can damage the body. Chaga contains 25 to 50 times
more SOD than other medicinal mushrooms. This makes it the top
source of this enzyme known.
Chaga also contains substances known as
sterols in great amounts. These are the plant form of steroids,
the latter being made by humans. So, to reiterate plants
synthesize sterols, while humans synthesize steroids. The key
sterols in chaga are lanosterol, betulin, lupeol, and betulinic
acid. The combination of sterols, particularly those of the
betulin family, plus SOD makes chaga unique. It derives the
betulin and betulinic acid from the birch bark. Regarding its
rich supplies of SOD, apparently, this is produced by the
mushroom itself.
For survival of birch trees, as well as chaga
mushroom, in harsh nature both sterols and SOD are required.
Yet, too, both are essential for the survival of humans,
especially those who are enduring great stress or suffering from
chronic disease. So, sterols, substances similar to the
cholesterol in human bodies, and SOD are two of chaga’s main
constituents. Other major components include saponins,
triterpenes (which are also steroid-like), proteins, amino
acids, polysaccharides, major minerals, such as calcium and
magnesium, and trace minerals.
The production of SOD is a major issue.
This is a potent antioxidant system of vast use for the human
body. Its ingestion through chaga extracts is essential for the
enhancement of human physiology. With age synthesis declines, as
do tissue levels. This may explain the ultimate result of the ingestion of chaga extracts, which is the halting of the
aging process. With the regular intake there is likelihood that
lifespan can be extended by as much as 10%, perhaps more
youthfulness.
Both of these substances block oxidative damage of the tissues. This largely accounts for
the significant anti-aging properties of
chaga mushroom. White
birch bark extract also has this effect, since this is a top
source of a wide range of sterols which possess
anti-degenerative and antitumor properties.
How crucial is SOD? According to Noguchi and
Niki in Antioxidant Status, Diet, Nutrition, and Health
this enzyme is essential for stopping tissue damage. This damage
is the result of aberrant forms of oxygen known as reactive
oxygen species. This is where SOD is crucial. It is a potent
neutralizer of such noxious, destructive oxygen compounds.
SOD converts dangerous forms of oxygen, the kind that is so explosive that
it can damage and/or destroy cells, to oxygen gas, the type
which is breathed. This is why this molecule is essential to
life. Moreover, aging is the result of tissue damage, so by
blocking this life span is extended.
SOD is so essential to this process that it
is, clearly, associated with long life. A number of studies have
demonstrated the danger of low tissue SOD levels. Such low
levels are not only associated with a decline in overall health
but also a reduction in life span. In contrast, high or normal
levels of tissue SOD in the aging body is associated with an
increase in lifespan.
What are the
longest lived of all organisms? It is the trees, which may live
as long as 4,000 years. In humans hundreds of substances have
been evaluated and, then, correlated with longevity. There has
as a rule been no universal agreement of the findings, with one
exception. This is SOD levels. In a key study, published in
1984, Richard Cutler of the NIH(National Institutes of Health)
made the discovery.
He determined that in a variety of animals
SOD levels are more greatly correlated with a long and vigorous
life than any other factor. Interestingly, humans have the
highest levels of this enzyme of any mammal, and they are also
the longest lived. Notably, the chimpanzee has about half the
human levels of SOD and, then, about half the lifespan.
Cutler looked at a number of theories of long
life and largely disproved them, including the supposition that
a cold or slow metabolic rate is a factor. Instead, he proved,
the tissue production and levels of antioxidant enzymes are a
true factor, the levels of SOD being most predominant. Notes
John Colman in his article “SOD—the Enzyme that Keeps Us Alive
in an Oxygen-Rich Atmosphere” the studies proving the authority
of SOD in are “voluminous.” This is due to the fact that
“byproducts of oxygen utilization are the main contributors of
aging and disease—superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide and
hydroxyl radicals.”
SOD attacks this. It neutralizes such noxious
molecules by converting them to mere oxygen and water. Other
enzymes which assist in the process of neutralizing dangerous
free radicals include catalase, peroxidase, and glutathione
peroxidase. These are the enzymes produced within the body.
Notes Colman, “These endogenous (internally produced) enzymes
are vastly more potent than dietary antioxidants, such as
vitamin C. SOD, for example, is 3,500 times more potent than
vitamin C at reducing superoxide radical.”
Thus, it is no surprise that when levels of
SOD decline, there is a dramatic change in the body. Now, the
incidence of degenerative diseases rises dramatically. Without
SOD there is no means for the body to neutralize destructive
free radicals. Thus, essentially, the body begins to decay;
there is no way the organs can fend off the free radicals on
their own, that is without sufficient SOD.
Fasting increases the production of free
radicals, while eating stalls this. Yet, most people are not
about to cut back on their eating. This is why
chaga is an ideal
alternative to, for instance, regular fasting, although the use
of this mushroom plus regular fasting is ideal.
Colman makes another critical point, as follows: Genetically inherited
SOD levels can vary as much as 50% in humans, which helps to explain why some people are prone to
degenerative diseases early in life as opposed to others, who lead
disease-free lives. In humans and other mammals antioxidant enzyme
levels normally decline with age, and levels of inflammatory gene
expression, like COX-2 and IL6, increase with age.
The only exception to these changes has been
found in calorie restriction experiments with mice, primates and
humans. Calorie restriction experiments were first conducted in
1932, and it was discovered that the longevity of mice increased
50%.
Later experiments showed that animals fed
normally one day and deprived of food the next day also lived 50%
longer. Human experiments with calorie restriction at 50% daily
intake or eating on alternate days also maintained youthful
antioxidant enzyme levels and youthful expression of inflammatory
genes.
There are two ways to alter SOD levels. One
is to take a top natural source such as chaga. Another is to take
substances/foods which boost the body’s production of this enzyme.
Says Colman, “The most promising natural compound has been found
in broccoli extracts: D3T (1,2-dithiole, 3-thione). It not only
raises SOD and all the other endogenous antioxidants (catalase,
glutathione peroxidase and glutathione), it also raises the enzyme
glutathione transferase, which neutralizes the toxic metabolites
formed by the liver.”
The basis for this, notes Colman, is
profound: “When this compound is available or found in higher
concentrations in broccoli or other natural cruciferous
vegetables, it will solve two huge problems—the problem of SOD
production within the human body and the production of stage II
liver enzymes, which will reduce cancers by neutralizing the
carcinogens formed during stage I liver detoxification.” The
decline in SOD is devastating. Without it, noxious forms of
oxygen run amok.
This is critical, because the explosive forms
of oxygen readily cause cell damage. This occurs by causing direct
damage to the cell walls, known as oxidation. “Lipids are
oxidized,” note Noguchi and Niki, by reacting with “oxygen
molecule(s) quite rapidly to give lipid peroxylradical.” This,
they note, causes damage to fats within the cells and in the cell
walls, which they call “spoilage,” and the damage caused by these
rapidly acting free radicals is a proven factor in the cause of
degenerative disease of the arterial walls known as
atherosclerosis.
The membranes contain cholesterol and
phospholipids as key components. These crucial components may be
readily damaged through free radical strikes. This causes
contortions in the cell membranes. The cells, then, can no
longer function. Nor can they defend themselves against attack.
As a result, the cells and organs are greatly weakened.
Thus, disease readily develops, including heart
disease, diabetes, atherosclerosis, arthritis, skin disorders,
lupus, and cancer. SOD halts this toxicity. Yet, here is the
danger. The investigators said the poisoning happens suddenly. If
there is no or insufficient SOD available, then, the damage
proceeds unchecked. Thus, the intake of a daily supplement which
provides biologically active SOD is an essential component for
preventing or reversing oxygen poisoning in the body. In addition,
sterols, as found in the wild chaga, are essential for rebuilding
any cell damage, which is caused by oxidative stress. Thus, SOD
and the sterols work as a team to both maintain excellent health
of the internal organs and also to stall the aging process.
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The above information is not to be construed as
professional advice or medical recommendations. Readers are
encouraged to direct any questions concerning personal health
care to licensed physicians or other appropriate healthcare
professionals.

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Dianne Miller
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This page was updated on
October 28, 2011